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Strontium ranelate is an approved pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis in Europe and Australia, but not in Canada or the United States. Strontium citrate, an alternative strontium salt, however, is available for purchase over-the-counter as a nutritional supplement. The effects of strontium citrate on bone are largely unknown. The study's objectives were 1) to quantify bone strontium accumulation in female...
X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is the most common inherited rickets. XLH is caused by inactivating mutations in the PHEX gene and is transmitted as an X-linked dominant disorder. We investigated PHEX mutation in 10 patients from 6 unrelated Turkish families by PCR-sequence analysis. Six different PHEX mutations were detected in the patients. Four of them were novel: c.1217G>A (p.C406Y)...
Osteoblasts are believed to differentiate into osteocytes, becoming embedded in bone, or to undergo apoptosis after the bone formation phase. The regulation of this terminal differentiation seems to be critical for bone homeostasis. However the mechanism remains unclear and there is no assay system currently available to analyze this process. To address this issue, we developed a new model in which...
Femoral fracture is a common medical problem in osteoporotic individuals. Bone mineral density (BMD) is the gold standard measure to evaluate fracture risk in vivo. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-based homogenized voxel finite element (hvFE) models have been proved to be more accurate predictors of femoral strength than BMD by adding geometrical and material properties. The aim of this study...
Exercise-generated signals are pro-osteogenic and anti-adipogenic within the marrow. In vitro studies indicate that mechanical signals directly block adipogenic differentiation through activation of β-catenin and by limiting PPARγ2 expression. Whether mechanically generated β-catenin can inhibit adipogenesis during PPARγ transactivation is unknown. We evaluated the ability of mechanical signals to...
To determine biochemical, radiological and micro-architectural bone factors related to fragility fractures in idiopathic male osteoporosis (IMO) patients. IMO is a rare disorder characterized by low areal bone mineral density (aBMD) (Z-score<−2) occurring in men after excluding secondary causes of low BMD.We conducted a case–control study in 31 patients with fragility fracture (IMO F+) that had...
This study aims to estimate the prevalence of risk factors for osteoporotic vertebral fracture and analyze the possible associations between these factors and the presence of densitometric osteoporosis and prevalent morphometric vertebral fracture.Data from a population-based cross-sectional sample of 804 postmenopausal women over the age of 50years old living in the city of Valencia (Spain) were...
The formation and mineralization process of antlers, which constitute the fastest growing bones in vertebrates, is still not fully understood. We used oxytetracycline injections to label different stages of bone formation in antlers of 14 red deer between days 28 and 156 of antler growth. Results show that initially a trabecular scaffold of woven bone is formed which largely replaces a pre-existing...
Medically based efforts and alternative treatment strategies to prevent or remediate the corrosive effects of radiotherapy on pathologic fracture healing have failed to produce clear and convincing evidence of success. Establishing an effective pharmacologic option to prevent or treat the development of non-unions in this setting could have immense therapeutic potential. Experimental studies have...
Hajdu–Cheney syndrome (HCS) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by acro-osteolysis, skull deformation and generalised osteoporosis. Recently, truncating mutations in the last exon of NOTCH2, a protein-coding gene, were found to be responsible. We present the case of a young woman with HCS in whom clinical and radiologic diagnosis was confirmed with DNA tests.
Eldecalcitol (ELD), a 2β-hydroxypropyloxy derivative of 1α,25 (OH) 2D3, inhibits bone resorption more potently than alfacalcidol (ALF) while maintaining osteoblastic function in an ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporosis rat model. Alendronate (ALN), which is the most common bisphosphonate used for the treatment of osteoporosis, increases the bone mineral density (BMD) by suppressing bone resorption. In...
Besides bone mineral density (BMD), structural and nano-level viscoelastic properties of bone are also crucial determinants of bone strength. However, treatment induced viscosity changes in osteoporotic bone have seldom been characterized. In this study, the effects of anabolic, antiresorptive and concurrent treatments on ovariectomized rat bones were thoroughly analyzed using multiple bone strength...
This study investigated the effect of insulin and vitamin D 3 (VD 3 ) treatment on implant osseointegration in diabetic mellitus (DM) rats. DM was induced by administration of streptozotocin in rats, which received implants insertion in the femur. Then animals were subjected to different treatment and divided to the following group: control, diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, VD ...
Like other tissue injuries, bone fracture triggers an inflammatory response, which plays an important role in skeletal repair. Inflammation is believed to have both positive and negative effects on bone repair, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are not well understood. To assess the role of inflammation on skeletal cell differentiation, we used mouse models of fracture repair that stimulate either...
Bone remodeling is affected by mechanical loading and inflammatory mediators, including chemokines. The chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) is involved in bone remodeling by binding to C–C chemokine receptors 1 and 5 (CCR1 and CCR5) expressed on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Our group has previously demonstrated that CCR5 down-regulates mechanical loading-induced bone resorption. Thus, the present...
Osteoporosis related risk factors such as BMD have been associated with cardiovascular endpoints in previous studies but there have been no studies of integrated risk using risk factor algorithms.A sample of 358 peri- and postmenopausal women, mean age 59.3 (range 45–74) years were studied. Each individual had bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fracture risk...
Despite extensive evidence demonstrating the direct, detrimental role of homocysteine on bone metabolism, the effects of serum total homocysteine (tHcy) on bone loss are still equivocal. In the present study, we performed a longitudinal study on healthy participants of various ages of both sexes in order to investigate the association between serum tHcy concentrations and annualized changes in bone...
Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN), an inflammatory condition characterized by rapid and progressive destruction of pedal bones and joints, often leads to deformity and ulceration in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral neuropathy (PN). Repetitive, unperceived joint trauma may trigger initial CN damage, causing a proinflammatory cascade that can result in osteolysis and contribute to...
Rosiglitazone (Rosi) is a drug in the thiazolidinedione class for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which binds and activates PPARγ nuclear receptor in fat cells, sensitizing them to insulin. Despite proven antidiabetic efficacy, Rosi therapy may be associated with trabecular bone loss and an increased risk of fractures. To examine the potential side effects of Rosi treatment on bone formation,...
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